Natural Resources Essay

Natural resources are useful materials or substances that exist in the environment like land, water, sun, trees, oil, minerals, etc. Natural resources are generally classified as renewable resources and non-renewable resources. Resource depletion means exhaustion of natural resources in a certain region. When the rate of consumption of these resources exceeds the rate at which they are restored, depletion of resources occurs. The utilization of natural resources has increased considerably due to the rapid growth in population. Improvements and advancements in science and technology have resulted in overutilization of natural resources. Some of the major causes of depletion of natural resources are as follows: Overutilization or exploitation of resources. Partial allocation of resources. Population growth. Advancements in technology. Deforestation. Soil erosion. Mining. Depletion of non-renewable resources (water, minerals, oil, and gas) has a serious impact on world economy and can c reate an imbalance between different nations. Overutilization of resources can cause disruption and destruction of the ecosystem. Overexploitation of water has caused drying of water bodies like lakes and streams. Therefore, we must utilize these resources carefully to maintain a balance between nature and mankind and also for the sustenance of life on earth. – Overutilization of natural resources has caused serious imbalance in nature. Various environmental issues like Greenhouse gases, global warming, and pollution have cropped up due to overuse of natural resources. According to the environmentalists, some of the non-renewable resources like oil, petroleum and gas will be completely extinct in the near future if we do not carefully use and conserve them. Conservation of the natural resources is not an easy task especially due to the fact that we are heavily dependent on these resources for our daily needs. However, we can adopt the following simple ways and strategies to save our environment: We should use paper products that are recycled and also practice recycling of paper. Unnecessary use of paper should also be prevented. Read more:  Essay on Conservation of Resources We should plant a tree and take part in plantation programs organized by the Government. Reforestation should be encouraged and practiced. We can save water by fixing any nozzle or tap that is broken or cracked. When bathing it  is better to use a bucket or tub than the shower. We should employ proper waste disposal techniques like composting. Dumping of wastes in lakes, rivers and the seas should be stopped. We can harvest rain water by installing rain water harvesting systems in homes and offices. The rain water is useful for gardening and cleaning purposes. We should try to restrict the use of vehicles as much as possible. If possible we can choose to walk or use a cycle. In this way we can save oil and gas. A hybrid car is always a better option because it runs on both electricity, and small quantity of gas. We can save energy by switching off all the electrical appliances that are not in use and also by using those products that consume lesser electricity. We can save electric ity and natural gas by using solar energy. Many appliances like solar cookers, solar heaters use solar energy instead of electricity. Photovoltaic can be used to generate electricity from solar energy.

Case Study of “Sterling Marking Products Inc Essay

Coming into my role in 1986 to oversee the international marketing, Sterling had begun exporting sub-assemblies to the U.K. Sterling is now utilizing Julius Blumberg to expand sales into the US. Our sales within both markets are currently not living up to what the International Marketing Committee believes to be our true potential. Regarding sales within the US, Sterling needs to leverage the knowledge and information gained from doing business through Julius Blumberg to establish a direct line of sales within the country. Simply being in a catalog of another company is not meeting expectations. We need to leverage the aggressive, direct sales methods we saw succeed; given that Blumberg does not feel comfortable with this line of marketing, we should look to establish a subsidiary within the country to gain direct oversight over the operations. With close proximity of major urban centers to our Canadian offices, I feel that this can be accomplished with minimal risk. Noting that the increase in lawyers and incorporations year over year is 10x that of Canada the possible returns outweigh the overall risk involved in seeking a more direct expansion into the US market. Looking at the current environment in the UK, I see a different situation and path. The UK represents Sterling’s best potential market in Europe given its legal requirements for seals and its 2.5x yearly increase in lawyers and incorporations compared to Canada. Unfortunately, with a VAT of 15%, manufacturing within the UK will decrease overall margins. Continuing to manufacturer within Canada at our current facilities will alleviate the VAT and only subject us to the 4.7% tariff. We will also be able to forgo any additional manufacturing facility costs, or at least delay them until we have significant market penetration. I recommend, that we approach a direct partnership with one of the three smaller agents in the UK market; either Jordan, Davis, or London Law. In our approach to potential partners, we should leverage our ability to enter the market ourselves and push them out of the market in our contract negotiations. I would recommend that we do not approach Bolson’s as we will gain more leverage on the lesser three since they would have more to lose by another major producer entering the market (ie they get pushed out of the market completely). This partnership will allow us entry into the UK at minimal overhead costs and put us in a scenario where we can drive how our product is positioned and marketed while leveraging the local market understanding and knowledge of the partnering  company. Currently, we have been approached by representatives in additional countries. I highly recommend that before we move into another international market we strengthen our approach and sales penetration in the US and UK. Once successful, I believe that we should begin working towards penetration in the Japanese market. With 82,000+ lawyers and a similar GNP per capita to Canada and the US, Japan may represent our next best opportunity to expand internationally.

First Extended Stay Away from Home Essay

The Cathedral Effect Emotions are a thing that nobody escapes themselves from, no matter how hard they try. They are something we are born and die with. Emotions are the also a foundation to how we see things. If someone is sad then most of the things they come across will be viewed as sad. Now, if someone is happy or open minded then they will deal with things they come across much better. In Carver’s short story â€Å"Cathedral†, the narrator is jealous and bitter. This causes his views to be distorted to something that is not correct. His wife’s friend comes and he is mean and jealous towards him. If the narrator changed his mood, then he would see things in a new better perspective. In â€Å"Cathedral†, written by Raymond Carver, the narrator starts off as a bitter man with a bad attitude of mind who changes throughout the story as to have a better attitude which results being more open minded and having a better aspect at life. At the beginning of the story, the narrator is a jealous and bitter husband. Although he has no reason to as he does not acknowledge his wife very much. The narrator is very lonely, â€Å"Every night I smoke dope and stay up as long as I could before I fall asleep.† The narrator could go with his wife instead of staying up all alone. When he does this it only shows how lonely he really is and how much he does not communicate with his wife. Maybe if he talked to her he would understand her and would feel comfortable when her blind friend came to visit. The narrator was not so excited for the visit, â€Å"My idea of blindness came from the movies†¦the blind moved slowly and never laughed†¦a blind man in my house was not something I looked forward to.† Clearly the narrators perception of blind people is very close minded as he only thought of blind people to fit stereo types. He has no idea what blind people are like and only goes with his own poor judgment. If h e changed his attitude towards things like these then maybe he would be able  to understand his wife and even the blind man. Later on in the story he begins to change just slightly. At first when the blind man arrives he only makes rude comments and stares as his wife smiles and interacts with him. Later though he begins to talk with him, â€Å"I asked if he wanted to smoke some dope with me.† The narrator invites Robert, the blind man, to smoke with him which is something he usually does by himself. It is not much but it is a step towards getting to know the man. As they smoked, his wife fell asleep and eventually left to sleep in her own bed. Robert and the narrator stayed up and watched television and as they watched it, a Cathedral came up. The narrator tried to explain the cathedral to Robert but failed to do so, â€Å"I stared some more at the Cathedral before the picture flipped into the countryside. There was no use.† Although the narrator was sharing thoughts with Robert, it was still not enough. The narrator soon gave up when trying to explain the Cathedral to Robert instead of tryi ng harder to help Robert picture a Cathedral in his mind. He did change his attitude a bit by communicating with Robert, but not enough. As the story concludes, the narrator has an epiphany. They continue to watch television when the blind man has an idea as to how the narrator could show him how a Cathedral looks like. Robert tells him, â€Å"I got an idea. Why don’t you find us some heavy paper? And a pen. We’ll do something. We’ll draw one together.† Robert suggests an activity that will benefit him and the narrator will be helpful. The narrator looks for what Robert requested and comes back after a while so they could do whatever he wants to do. Robert found the narrators hand and they began to draw a Cathedral together. The narrator guides the pen and Robert following along like a shadow. As the narrator was drawing the Cathedral he closed his eyes and thought, â€Å"His fingers rode my fingers as my hand went over the paper. It was like nothing else in my life up to now† This is where the narrators epiphany occurs. He finally sees something differently in life that changes his attitude towards many things. He experienced being blind for once and in a good way not in a bad way. Before he was blind intellectually and as to how people were. Now he was blind physically and it benefited him much  more than his useless jealous stereo typical thoughts. All he had to do was experience something that he had no insight towards. Lots of times humans let their emotions dictate the way they view life. Due to this, we should all try and be content and keep a positive attitude. If we keep a positive attitude then things won’t seem so harsh, miserable, or as lonely. If we have a negative attitude though, then things will be harder for us to understand and harder to interact with all sorts of different people. Sometimes it takes an experience that leads to an epiphany in order to change our attitude in life. In Raymond Carver’s story â€Å"Cathedral†, the narrator is a perfect example of someone having an epiphany that changes their attitude and view towards life. There’s always hope for everyone, you just need that extra push to have a better view towards things.

HP TouchPad2 Project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

HP TouchPad2 Project - Assignment Example Herein, details about the external and internal project determinants are provided alongside a PERT and Gantt chart for the project. 1. Please analyze external factors which could influence the project for the organization, which are the following factors: basic legal, political, social, and economic environments The HP TouchPad2 development project may face a number of external influences. The main legal determinant in the current project entails the question of patents. Expert Reviews (2012) details the legal wars that have characterized the technology sector pitting the industry heavyweights against each other. Infringing on patents, which are meant to protect innovations may result in halting of the project, accompanied by delays and associated budget inflations. There is no directly conceivable influence of politics on the current project. However, several governments have sought to introduce tablets into the education system as exemplified by plans by the Thai government to prov ide first graders with tablet PCs (Bangkok Post, 2012). In case such occurs, the demand of tablets would go up, increasing the pressure to finish the project in time or even earlier. Social influences on the current project may arise from the view that the post-PC technological revolution has been documented as a social as much as it is a technological one. Martin (2012) reports that modern day computing has become more casual and intimate, freeing the end user from the desk. New devices ought to identify with this view and satisfy the social trends of consumer. Hence, it is conceivable that certain elements of the HP TouchPad2 may need to be removed or added in order to keep with trends in the society. The recent economic crisis translates to a situation where investments receive more scrutiny on their potential returns on investment. In HP’s case, recent developments on the financial front may translate to economic difficulties during the HP TouchPad2 project; HP has tradit ionally concentrated on printer business, where the current reducing revenue flows may predict financial challenges for the project. Moreover, HP had $25 billion in long debts as of 2010, which may lead to budget constraints for the current project (Moran, 2010). However, the decline revenue from printing gives an extra incentive for the current tablet project as the firm seeks to diversify. Besides, proper project management alongside strict adherence to the project timeline will ensure that the project does not incur extra costs that would lead to financial challenges during the project. 2. Please analyze internal factors which could influence the project for the organization, which are the following factors: managerial, operational, and financial issues. 2. A. Project Management Project management is an ultimate determinant of the outcomes of a given project. The project manager has to first constitute the project team which is then tasked with defining the project’s scope , mission and objectives. The team then manages the initiation, planning, execution, monitoring and control and finally closing of the project. The specific activities involved in this case include generating work breakdown structures, scheduling, PERT and gantt charts, costing,

Tourism Leakages Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Tourism Leakages - Dissertation Example Bhattacharya (131) indicates that goods, which are provided internationally, leave the local community with a very small portion of the earnings. This problem affects mostly the developing countries. These leakages thus diminish the positive influences of tourism to a country (Bhattacharya 131). Countries that are developed benefit more than developing countries in tourism. This is because such countries lack industries to process goods that tourists need. UNEP indicates that a government ensures that the positive effects of tourism are maximized by reducing the tourism leakages. For this to happen, Governments, especially in the developing countries, should promote the ownership of tourism resources by the local communities. In most cases, the governments have favored the owners of the tourism resources by the private sectors or the foreigners. Consequently, a recognizable percentage of the tourism resources belong to the foreign investors. Therefore, the local communities benefit l ess from the tourism revenues due to the leakages of tourism profits. The ownership of large portions of tourism businesses in developing countries belongs to the foreigners (UNEP). This has resulted in a tourism agenda distorted in favor of external benefits. The result of the high leakage through repatriation of profits, employment for the foreign emigrant, importation of goods and services from foreign countries and the use of airlines that foreign countries own. The leakage in developed countries is not very high (Jones 65). The government should come up with strategies to promote the ownership of the tourism resources by the local community. The application models for agricultural development can be integrated into tourism development to enhance the local community ownership of the tourism resources. An example of the agricultural development model is the one, which, farmers engage in agricultural businesses by forming associations to manage important functions like marketing. Exploitation of land by foreigners should be discouraged because it is the local communities, which will suffer environmental degradation after the foreigners have left. There should be the emphasis on the strong connection between the local communities and the tourism industries to reduce leakages and to increase the benefits from tourism. Moreover, the increase of leakages is due to the high expenditure by the government to meet the high tourists’ demands. The governments use a lot of money to import goods to meet tourists’ demands. Apparently, the escalation of tourism expenses due to importations result in the reduction of profits leading to economic constraints. To reduce high importation, there should be the emphasis on the use of the locally produced goods to enhance increased output effects of tourism (UNEP). Tourism Policies Kenkel (2) indicates that tourism is a very important business internationally. It is one of the central sources of revenues particularly , in those countries that are still developing. However, the high demands of tourism have had undesirable effects on the local people and the environment. The growth of tourism has shown some serious adverse impacts.

The Poems Structure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Poems Structure - Essay Example In the marriage poem which shows the diversity of the use of words. Literary allusion is used in the first poem where contrapuntal and trills have been used to show her experiences in marriage. In the second poem, cottonwoods have been used to refer to sex and this shows how the writer indirectly used her words. Literary allusions have led to the enticement of the poem to the readers. Symbolizing is the art of using something to represent a particular item, activity or person. In The Language of Marriage poem, lap has been used to express the duration she has been in marriage. The Plague of Cottonwoods poem uses the word Cottonwoods to symbolize sex. Rhyme is the repetition of sound in two or more words is used in the poems. It is apparent that the first poem has used the words pretention and fiction. Dactylic rhyme is evident in the second poem with the use of the words futilely and infertile. The Language of Marriage poem has one stanza that has fourteen lines. It is evident that the lines do not necessarily rhyme at the end of each sentence.

Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 64

Essay Example This is true since German is home to great world literature, art and philosophers (Adams 76). Unlike American values where a stranger is first welcomed by the hosts, Germans expect the stranger to begin the conversation unless they have been officially invited in a group. Germans also expect small gifts mainly wine as a show of appreciation when invited for a certain ceremony unlike Americans who insist on flowers and perfumes (Adams 80). Another character trait is loyalty which Germans have developed since the Second World War II. Loyalty is mainly expected at the family and national level, but some critics assert that it is extreme fanatical nationalism. Germans perceive themselves as superior and usually stand firm in unity due to the spirit of comradeship. Germans pride themselves as they believe one never tells lies unless they believe in such lies. American values are liberal since Americans often differ in opinions and major national issues (Adams 100). Germans in their culture and character traits are considered argumentative, sincere and loyal. Strangers are expected to begin conversations while a small gift of wine or alcohol is considered as a show of politeness and

The Lockwood Group Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Lockwood Group - Essay Example In the similar context, it can be stated that rather than paper and packing business, Lockwood had expanded its firm with the food industry. The company had gained long-term profitability in the market related to the food and packing industry. Further, they had expanded the business into other fields (The Lockwood Group, Inc, â€Å"New Strategies for the 21st Century†). The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the major situation faced by the Lockwood Group. Though the company had faced certain problems in the competitive market, it is essential to analyze their marketing situation and provide appropriate recommendations for the company. Therefore, it can be stated that the main motive of the paper is to provide recommendation for future by analyzing the Lockwood Group’s present as well as past marketing scenario (The Lockwood Group, Inc, â€Å"New Strategies for the 21st Century†). Major Situation Faced by the Lockwood Group Lockwood Group had faced major ch ange in the competitive market, as the company had initially started the business with packing and paper section. During the second part of the 20th century, Lockwood Group was engaged in producing auto parts, electrical equipments, metal alloys, electric motors, communication equipments, furniture, appliances, power equipment, specialty equipments and consumer products. However, Lockwood could not succeed in the above mentioned businesses. All the segments were sold or liquidated at losses (The Lockwood Group, Inc, â€Å"New Strategies for the 21st Century†). Though the Lockwood was bearing a loss, the CEO of the company has taken various majors in the 21st century to set up long-term profitability in the competitive market. Their main business was financial services, energy, and packaging along with forest products. The company had reinvested the funds in vicinity promising the expansion of cost-effectiveness. In 2001, Lockwood had increased its sales from the four main bus inesses due to adoption of various strategies as it has been stated earlier that the company had expanded the business in the four sectors (The Lockwood Group, Inc, â€Å"New Strategies for the 21st Century†). Financial Services Lockwood had started financial services in 2000s. The company had appointed the investment banker to trade the unwanted business and had invested the capital in financial business. Lockwood insurance sector had good profitability in the market. Visualizing the profitable financial scenario, the company had extended to insurance operation. In 2002, Lockwood financial services had three broad categories i.e. life insurance, real estate and causality insurance. Though the company was strongly positioned in the financial sector, its competitors were high, because Lockwood financial division was petite by the national standards (The Lockwood Group, Inc, â€Å"New Strategies for the 21st Century†). Energy Lockwood had operated in the energy business since 2004. The company had entered into energy businesses through the acquisition of the EasyGas Energy. Previously, Lockwood had small businesses in the offshore and onshore oil industry but later on expanded the firm into Gulf of Mexico and Mississippi. Lockwood had gained long-term

Effective Team and Performance Management Essay - 7

Effective Team and Performance Management - Essay Example P.1). Tuckman theory of team formation and development is the most acknowledged model of team development and occurs in four stages which are forming, storming, norming and performing (Johnson 2010, P. 17). After the performing stage Tuckman developed another stage and named it as the adjourning stage (Edison 2008, P. 14). Meredith Belbin’s team theory analysis the roles played by team members depending on their characteristics and behaviors as well as interpersonal styles. Team performance is affected by its characteristics in regards to size, team norms, team cohesion, management styles, conflict resolutions approaches and feelings among the team members towards each other. Effective management is important for the success of the team. An effective team manager adopts different management styles depending on the arising situation in the workplace (Efere, 2003). There are several team management styles namely authoritarian style, democratic style, laissez-Faire Style, paterna listic, concertive style among others which a manager or a company can adopt (Efere, 2003). This paper will critically evaluate theories on team dynamics, formation, conflict resolutions, factors affecting team performance and offer recommendations for the management to improve teams in Electron Company if adopted. Introduction An effective team may is able to move to and from one stage to another. A company may change its strategy and therefore form different teams. Electron Company changed its management structure and team management to increase performances. Electron is a manufacturing company dealing with telecommunication components and is situated in United Kingdom, established in 1997 as a department and sold out ten years later in 2007 as the original company opted to subcontract its manufacturing department and that is why up to today the company is still the leading client of electron. The management structure was not changed. However the company did not perform as expecte d and this necessitated change in its production practices by escalating productivity, improved client services and improved team performance. A new management approach was introduced to help the different teams achieve productivity objectives in a period of two months and in addition the teams that were to meet their objectives, to all members were paid additional benefits. In the restructured format, new employees were employed on temporary basis while the old employees were distributed to all the teams to help the new members adapt into the company. The teams had the authority to establish their working norms which they would follow and the new team members we supposed to comprehend and follow the teams’ norms and values and therefore the teams were affirming concertive control on the newly employed. Team formation In an organization employees of a specific department work as a team or in some cases teams are established to perform a specific task. Evaluations of the teams are conducted periodically to determine their performance or set new goals after the team is formed it takes time to grow and mature to an efficient team. Several theories explain team dynamics and development and most sociologist point to relationship and personal characteristics of the members involved (Nazzaro and Strazzabosco 2009). Tuckman’s model of team development Tuckman's group development model pays

Travel & Tourism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Travel & Tourism - Essay Example The travel, tourism and hospitality industry has been growing steadily at a rapid pace. Technology has accelerated growth in entirely different ways in the travel industry. With the Internet explosion, globalization and more people willing to travel, this industry has been evolving rapidly to cater to the customers. Information Communication Technologies and the Internet continue to revolutionize the industry. They are now being touted as major distribution agent for the entire sector. Companies are now utilizing this tool to expand their market and increase their market share by trying to better their relationship with the customer and manage it effectively. With the increasing competitiveness in the industry, mergers and acquisitions are leading the way consolidating the industry players. This paves the way for more aggressive and sustained efforts to upgrade and innovate, altering their entire business model as well if need be, to stay abreast of the competition. Successful organizations thus use technologies to add value to their existing products and to enhance profitability. Man has always travelled from bygone days and his curiosity of the unknown was the basis of the enormous travel industry today. Since means of communication plays a vital part in travel and tourism industry, modern communications systems, with special reference to computer technology, have changed the concept of travel and tourism marketing. The advents of travel agencies and streamlined retail marketing and sales networks have played their part in empowering this massive industry to move forward. Technological advances in household appliances and gadgets have offered great amounts of leisure. All these have influenced tourism by enabling people to travel more. Explosion of internet In 2003, corporate travel bookings made on the Internet compared to the conventional direct bookings by telephone, fax or through the traditional travel agent was at only 12 per cent. Nevertheless, research consultancy marketSHARE predicts that this number will skyrocket to 28 per cent by 2008. Recent industry research shows that over 64% of the population comprising over 38 million people in the UK became Internet users as of 2005. Over eighty per cent of the adult population in this country has now visited the World Wide Web. These figures put the internet usage in the UK and penetration percentages equivalent to key market like the US, where web users now represent over 80 per cent of the adult population, and ahead of Germany and France in Europe. Data Statistics can be viewed at the website Growth of online travel booking users A recent survey of more than 450 travellers in the United Kingdom by consulting firm Accenture, revealed that business travellers are becoming increasingly dependent on the Internet with some 53 per cent of the respondents booking their trips online, 90 per cent of them using the Internet to search flight times and availability, and two-thirds checking-in online. More spending online UK online shopping revenues increased by 50 percent last year and for the first time, more goods and services will be bought using credit card and debit cards than cash, according to a report published by the Association for Payment

Chinese Language and thoughts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Chinese Language and thoughts - Essay Example It was not that English language did not have the required word in it; instead, it was that I had forgot that word because of my poor memory and small vocabulary. He was at least 20 years older to me, so I did not express my disagreement overtly out of respect for him, but deep inside, I did not feel good about what he had said and I also disagreed with him on the matter. I still disagree with him that our thinking ability depends upon the language we speak. An argument that I found most appealing on one side of the debate was lack of empirical support â€Å"for the view that language determines the basic categories of thought or that it ‘closes doors’† (Wolff and Holmes, 2011, p. 261). Lack of explicit encoding of an ability in a language does not, in any way, deprive people of the ability to make conceptual distinctions. This is elaborated as the English speakers’ ability to tell loose fit from tight even though their spatial preposition system does not encode this distinction. In other words, people are not dependent upon words to understand and describe reality (Pinker, 2007, p. 124). On the contrary, the least convincing argument I found on the other side of the debate was that speakers of a language other than English may be remarkably good at staying oriented â€Å"and perform feats of navigation that seem superhuma n to English speakers† (Boroditsky, 2010) simply because instead of saying â€Å"left† or â€Å"right†, they use phrases like â€Å"theres an ant on your south-west leg† (Boroditsky, 2010) because they do not have words similar to â€Å"left† and â€Å"right† in their language. This sounds unappealing to me because a language that lacks simple and straight-forward substitutes to â€Å"left† and â€Å"right† would confuse its speakers way too much to be rightly guided in complex scenarios where directional guidance is

Interco Case Essay Example for Free

Interco Case Essay Interco On August 8, 1988, Interco’s board of directors met to discuss, among other matters, a merger proposal from City Capital Associates Limited Partnership. City Capital had offered $64 per common share of Interco on July 28, 1988, and had raised that offer to $70 per share on the morning of August 8. At this board meeting Interco’s financial advisors, Wasserstein, Perella Co., established a valuation range of $68-$80 per common share of Interco and presented their evaluation of the offer. Given their valuation, Wasserstein Perella advised the Interco board (see Exhibit 1) that the $70 per share offer was inadequate and not in the best interests of the company and its shareholders. The board of directors voted to reject the City Capital offer. The Company Founded in December 1911, the International Shoe Company was established as a footwear manufacturing concern and remained so until the early 1960s. In 1966, the company was renamed Interco to reflect the changing character of its business. It had grown, into a major manufacturer and retailer of a wide variety of consumer products and services. Among the most well-known of the brands Interco made were Converse and Florsheim shoes, Ethan Allen furniture, and London Fog rain gear. Interco’s various operations were substantially autonomous and were supported by a corporate management staff in St. Louis, Missouri. The company’s philosophy had historically been to acquire companies in related fields and to provide their existing management teams with the incentives to expand their businesses while relieving them of such routine support functions as financial and legal requirements. Nearly half of Interco’s growth had come through acquisition. The company continually sought entities that would complement the existing Interco companies. Additional criteria used in  screening and selecting acquisition candidates included the presence of highly skilled managers and products that had established leadership positions in their respective markets. Equity analysts viewed Interco as a conservative company that was financially â€Å"overcapitalized.† With a current ratio of 3.6 to 1 and a debt-to-capitalization ratio, including capitalized leases, of 19.3% on February 29, 1988, Interco had ample financial flexibility. This flexibility had allowed the company to repurchase its common shares and make acquisitions as opportunities arose. Research Associate Susan L. Roth prepared this case under the supervision of Professor Scott P. Mason as the basis for class discussion rather than to illustrate either effective or ineffective handling of an administrative situation. Copyright  © 1991 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College. To order copies or request permission to reproduce materials, call 1-800-545-7685 or write Harvard Business School Publishing, Boston, MA 02163. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, used in a spreadsheet, or transmitted in any form or by any means—electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise—without the permission of Harvard Business School. Within these four operating divisions were numerous independent companies as listed in Exhibit 2. Apparel Manufacturing This group consisted of 11 apparel companies that designed, manufactured, and distributed a full range of branded and private-label sportswear, casual apparel, outer garments, and headwear for men and women. Apparel brands included Le Tigre, Sergio Valente, and Abe Schrader. Distribution was national in scope to department stores, specialty shops, and other retail units, including discount chains. General Retail Merchandising This group operated 201 retail locations in 15 states. General retailing included large do-it-yourself home improvement centers, general merchandise discount stores, men’s specialty apparel shops, and specialty department stores. Over the prior few years, general retail had been greatly scaled back and was now dominated largely by Central Hardware, a do-it-yourself home improvement chain that emphasized customer service and a broad selection of products. Footwear Manufacturing and Retailing This division designed, manufactured, and distributed men’s and women’s footwear principally in the United States, Australia, Canada, and Mexico. The group operated 778 retail shoe stores and leased shoe departments in 42 states and in Australia. Interco’s two major footwear operations, Converse Inc. and the Florsheim Shoe Co., commanded leading positions in their respective markets: athletic shoes and men’s traditional footwear. Furniture and Home Furnishings This group manufactured, distributed, and retailed quality wood and upholstered furniture and home furnishings. Furniture brands included Broyhill, Lane, Ethan Allen, and Hickory Chair. In recent years, furniture had expanded through acquisitions and increasing profitability to dominate Interco’s net income. At the end of fiscal year 1988, Interco was the largest furniture manufacturer in the world. Strategic Repositioning Program Interco’s goals included long-term sales and earnings growth, increased  return on corporate assets, and most important, improved return on shareholders’ equity. To achieve these goals, Interco took a four-pronged approach that included improving the profitability of existing operations and divesting underperforming assets, making acquisitions that had the potential for better than average returns and growth, and employing opportunistic financial strategies such as share repurchases and the prudent use of borrowing capacity. With these goals established, Interco, in 1984, began a strategic repositioning program aimed at improving overall corporate performance. As part of this initiative, Interco accelerated its efforts to divest underperforming assets and reposition itself in markets offering superior growth opportunities and profitability. The program resulted in a substantial change in Interco’s mix of sales as shown in Table A below. In fiscal 1988 the furniture and footwear groups together accounted for 60% of corporate sales, with apparel and general retail accounting for the rest. This was a reversal of the sales distribution in fiscal 1984.

Instrumental And Integrative Motivation

Instrumental And Integrative Motivation Robert Gardner established a model of motivation in second language acquisition in 1985. The field of language teaching has been influenced for many years by the model which came from the studies of language immersion in Canada (Ehrman, 1996, p.139). The model describes two forms of motivation, instrumental and integrative. Instrumental motivation refers to learning to accomplish a task, such as passing a course, getting better pay, and so on (Ehrman, 1996, p.139). Integrative motivation refers to a favorable attitude toward the target language community, possibly a wish to integrate and adapt to a new target culture through use of the language (Gardner, 1985, p. 54). One of the Gardners main ideas is that the integrative motivation plays an important role in second language acquisition. It is directly and positively related to second language achievement. However, the Gardeners model has received lots of criticisms since it was published. The criticisms will be discussed in the foll owing. The model is criticized for overstating the importance of the integrative motive. Gardner simply used the candidates selection of integrative reasons over instrumental ones as evidence that integrative reasons have a higher level of motivational intensity (Gardner, 1985, p.53). Gardner found that the integrative motivation has an extremely high significance in his studies. Nevertheless, the instrumental orientation such as getting a job and passing an examination is also an important factor in second language learning. If learners with integrative motivation can achieve success since they are active in their learning, the same theory might be applicable to the learners with instrumental motivation. Instrumentally motivated learners may be successful since they are eager to learn to achieve their instrumental purposes. Integrative motivation is the central concept in the Gardners model. However, the support of the importance of the integrative motivation is not consistent. Some early studies did agree that integrative motivation was significant in second language learning (Gardner and Lambert, 1959) but some recent researches has shown that the instrumental motivation has an equal or better impact than the integrative motivation. In some cases, the integrative motivation is even considered as having a negative correlation with proficiency which in turn affecting the success of second language learning (Belmechri and Hummel, 1998; DÃ ¶rnyei, 1990). DÃ ¶rnyei (1990) suggested that instrumental motivation could be more important than integrative motivation for foreign language learners since foreign language learners are not likely to have sufficient knowledge and experience to take part in the culture of the people who speak the target language in their early stage of language learning. Integrative motivation may not play a significant role in the early stage of foreign language learners. The importance of different kinds of motivation can be different between second language learners and foreign language learners. Gardners emphasis on integrative motivation for language learning may not fit in all language learning situations (Schmidt, Boraie, and Kassabgy, 1999). The Gardners model have limited applicability for the learners who do not have frequent contact with the target language speakers since they have few opportunities to integrate with the speakers. There are many other factors contributing to the motivation of the learners who are far away from the target language speakers, such as instrumental motivation and knowledge orientation. Gardner should not overstate the importance of integrative motivation in all language learning situations. The significance of different types of motivation may vary from one to another language learning situations. Actually, integrative and instrumental motivations are not necessarily mutually exclusive. Brown (2000) stated that learners rarely select only one type of motivation when learning a second language. The motivation of learning a second language is usually a combination of different forms of orientations. He has cited an example of international students who are residents in the United States. The international students learn English for academic purposes while wishing to be integrated with the people and culture of the country at the same time. This example has clearly shown that integrative and instrumental motivations can mutually exist. In some cases, it is difficult to divide instrumental and integrative motivations. To conclude, the importance of instrumental motivation is being concerned more in the later studies while the significance of integrative motivation has continued to be emphasized. However, it is important to note that the instrumental motivation has only been regarded as an important factor in second language learning while integrative motivation is continually linked to the success of second language learning. Motivation is a significant contribution to second language learning achievement. Therefore, identifying the types and combinations of motivations is one of the keys to successful second language learning. At the same time, learners should be reminded that there are always other variables which can be unique to each language learner affecting the success of second language learning. References Belmechri, F., Hymmel, K. (1998). Orientations and motivation in the acquisition of English as a second language among high school students in Quebec City, Language Learning Brown, H.D. (2000). Principles of language learning and teaching (4th ed.). Englewood Cliffs NJ: Prentice-Hall. DÃ ¶rnyei, Z. (1990). Conceptualizing motivation in foreign language learning. Language Learning Ehrman, E. (1996) Understanding Second Language Learning Difficulties. London: Sage Publications Gardner, R. C., Lambert, W. E. (1959). Motivational variables in second language acquisition. Canadian Journal of Psychology Gardner, R.C. (1985). Social psychology and language learning: The role of attitudes and motivation. London, Ontario: Edward Arnold. Schmidt, R., Boraie, D., Kassabgy, O. (1999). Foreign language motivation: Internal structure and external connections. In R. L. Oxford (Ed.), Language learning motivation: Pathways to the new century. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii Press.

The Objectives Of The Arms Control Politics Essay

The Objectives Of The Arms Control Politics Essay For arms control to be an effective instrument of national security, its objectives must be determined by, and be in close harmony with, the broader objectives of national security strategy (Larsen, 2002) Traditional arms control theory was based on the premise that the super- powers inherently shared an area of common ground (Sheehan,1988) (avoiding nuclear war) and that this element of mutual interest could serve as the basis for limited cooperative arrangements involving reciprocal restraint in the acquisition of weapons of mass destruction. In defining the scope and application of arms control, they set forth three general objectives: (Larsen, 2002) Reducing the risk of war. Arms control was seen as a prime means of setting limits on and restraining strategic arms race behavior. For early arms control theorists, restraining certain types of technology was practically synonymous with reducing the risk of war. The underlying premise was that war was most likely to begin with a surprise nuclear attack made possible by unrestrained competition in ballistic missile, guidance and control, and nuclear weapon technology. Therefore, those weapon systems employing technologies that in theory most contributed to the ability to exe- cute a surprise nuclear attack against the nuclear retaliatory forces of the other side, or that undermined the ability of either side to hold deterrent tar- gets at risk, became principal candidates for arms limitation agreements. Reducing the cost of preparing for war. Arms control theorists believed that controls would release economic resources otherwise squandered on military spending (Bull, 1965). They believed that arms races were economically ruinous and that disarmament or arms control would make possible the diversion of resources toward worthier objectives. If arms control succeeded in providing the same degree of security at lower levels of weapons than would otherwise be the case, it could lead to fielding fewer weapons and thus lower overall defense spending. Further, if certain types of technology were mutually outlawed, there would be fewer costs associated with defense research and development, weapons production, force deployment, operations, and maintenance. The savings thereby realized could be diverted to domestic economic priorities and promote overall prosperity. Reducing the damage should war occur. If fewer weapons were fielded as a result of arms limitation agreements, and should war nevertheless occur, overall damage would be less than it would otherwise have been. But fielding fewer weapons is not the only way to reduce damage in the event of war. Damage also could be limited by developing certain types of active defense strategies and technologies, such as ballistic missile defenses. In practice, the first of the three main objectives proposed by traditional arms control theory-reducing the risk of war or, more specifically, reducing the risk of surprise nuclear attack-came to eclipse and over- shadow the other two. Achieving the first objective would also indirectly satisfy the other two. The process grew in complexity over the next four decades. It usually involved negotiations but was sometimes accomplished through unilateral decisions or reciprocated arrangements. The main merit of previous arms control agreements was that ..they created a situation that facilitated peaceful transformation in Europe and in the rest of the world (Rotfeld,1996). Along with the treaties on the elimination of intermediate-range nuclear weapons and the reduction of strategic nuclear weapons, these agreements include: The system of rules and export controls designed to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons and nuclear weapon-usable material, of which the 1968 Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) forms the legal basis; substantial reductions of conventional armed forces and manpower in Europe. This and other agreements have enabled the elimination of more than 60 000 heavy conventional weapons in Europe and in the Asian area of the former Soviet Union on the basis of accords reached in peacetime, not imposed by the victors on the vanquished. In recent years, a total of 20 000 nuclear warheads have been dismantled; thus their number was reduced from some 58 000 to 38 000. The process of destroying chemical weapons has been launched, although, because of the costs, it will last longer than expected. The central problems of arms control today The central problems facing the arms control process at present can be summarised as follows. Defining the role of the major powers First, there is the problem of deciding who are the players that need to be assembled at the table when arms control is discussed. Arms control tradition- ally has been the preserve of those states that possess the weapons. It has depended on the ability of major powers to work together in pursuit of particular objectives. The cold war demonstrated that arms control does not require that the interests and policies of these powers are aligned, but there has to be a willingness to cooperate. The special role assigned to the United Nations Security Council in matters of peace and security and the fact that the five NPT-defined nuclear weapon states are permanent members of the Security Council tended to cement the impression that military power and major power status were two sides of the same coin. However, other states now claim to have a legitimate stake in the arms control process without either being in possession of extensive military capabilities or intending to develop such capabilities. The exclusion of countries such as Germany, India and Japan from a central place in discussions of issues affecting global peace and security may undermine the credibility of those discussions. While each of these countries will react differently to the fact of its exclusion, no doubt they will all react in some manner. In addition, there is an important new actor on the international scene for which arms control is a crucial concern. With the establishment of the EU in 1993, a group of states (moreover, a group that is expected to expand in number) are developing, step-by-step, a more integrated approach to foreign and security policy that is likely to become increasingly influential in the future. Need for a new organizing principle A second problem arises from the need to consider the organizing principle for arms control in conditions where there is no longer any meaningful balance or symmetry between military capabilities. Past treaties usually conferred equal obligations and status on participating states in line with the principle of sovereign equality. This often translated into a carefully calibrated balance in numbers of agreed items that were the objects of control. This balance may have been set at zero in the framework of disarmament treaties or at higher levels in other agreements. This organizing principle no longer applies at the global level, given the power of the USA. More- over, agreements based on parity are not feasible at the regional level. They may not even be applicable at the subregional or bilateral level, where dyads at the centre of conflict and instability have very different force structures and force levels. Responding to non-compliance A third major problem for arms control is the need to develop responses to unambiguous evidence that some states are cheating on their legally binding obligations and commitments. Cheating does not include inadvertent or acci- dental failures to implement an agreement or differences of interpretation about the obligations contained in an agreement. These issues are important but manageable within the framework of arms control processes because the good faith of the parties is not disputed. Rather, cheating means that a state promises to take a course of action while at the same time intending to behave in ways known to be proscribed and that violate the basic principle of the agreement. None of the main compliance crises revealed in the 1990s-the Iraqi violation of its NPT commitments, the North Korean violation of its safeguards agreement with the International Atomic Energy Agency, and the Soviet violation of the 1972 Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention-has been fully resolved. This fact remains a serious problem and has contributed to under- mining the international communitys confidence in the efficacy of multi- lateral arms control instruments. Conclusion In other words, arms control can play a significant role by becoming an integral part of the new international security system. However, it cannot be boiled down simply to international legal instruments (treaties and conventions); rather, it should constitute a part of security policy and defence at the national level and of conflict resolution at the global level. Treaties and conventions remain central because they provide transparency about the obligations of states and an institutional framework within which resources can be mobilized and organized. However, treaties and conventions need to be supplemented with a habit of dialogue and discussion that assists in making actions consistent with agreed norms. The current binding normative order is the point of reference for seeking solutions that would tackle the challenges and situations of today and tomorrow. This normative order provides a platform on which to build but should not itself be placed in question. It must then be asked how the activities of those states which for different reasons have found themselves outside the current order can be regulated-in particular, how the world community should respond to the activities of states which violate important norms codified in arms control agreements to which they are not parties. Ways must be considered for including in the arms control process those states, which have an eroding influence on it. The states whose leaders believe that the current normative order is inadequate or even wrong will not participate in cooperative arrangements on an official level. However, individuals from this group of states can and should participate in the wider discussion of the role and impact of arms control. Moreover, in these states public information can play a valuable role in making possible a debate on the merits and demerits of cooperation. Despite these accomplishments, there remains much unfinished business on the arms control agenda. (Rotfeld, 1996) First, with the exception of the NATO and European Union (EU) member states, the security of the territories extending from Vancouver to Vladivostok is not based on a collective, common or cooperative security system. Threats and armed conflicts have moved to Europes peripheries (the Balkans and the Caucasus) and to Central Asia. Second, neither the continuous step-by-step reduction of nuclear weapons in those states that possess them nor diminishing the likelihood that new nuclear weapon states will emerge can be ensured at present. Third, the legally binding ban on nuclear explosions has yet to enter into force, amidst signs that the no-testing norm codified in the 1996 Comprehensive Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty is not universally accepted. Finally, the level of confidence in the implementation of treaties and agreements to eliminate biological and chemical weapons remains low in many quarters. With the end of the bipolar world order, the role of arms control and disarmament has changed fundamentally. The international security system based on bipolarity and mutual nuclear deterrence was one of high military threat and at the same time of relatively high stability. As a result, in the cold war period arms control and disarmament were seen as the highest priority in the policies of the global powers. Arms control was considered to be a pillar that supported strategic stability and maintained the balance of power between the superpowers and their respective allies. The pre- dominant goals of traditional arms control theory, as developed in the late 1950s and early 1960s, was to enhance security, and the major powers shared an interest in avoiding global nuclear annihilation. These twin goals helped the powers to transcend their deep ideological and political differences and engage in a strategic dialogue. Thus the main objectives of arms control were to reduce the risk of nuc lear war between the two great antagonists, maintain the equilibrium of forces, reduce the costs of the arms race, and seek to limit the damage should war occur. Different approaches to arms control 1- Fundamental changes in the existing arms control framework should be avoided. Radical changes could put at risk existing processes that are not yet completed without any assurance that a new framework can be constructed to substitute for them. In the view of this group, the future of arms control will consist of implementing, strengthening and further developing existing agreements and processes. 2 Accepts the objectives of the current arms control agenda but argues that these objectives cannot be realised through existing agreements and processes under the present conditions. An extension of this view is the argument that focusing narrowly on existing agreements in conditions where political relations are strained may diminish security by amplifying disagreements. The impact of the debate over the relationship between the 1972 Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty (ABM Treaty) and missile defences on relations between China, Russia and the USA could be pointed to as an example. For this second group, arms control processes need to be supplemented by other types of political, economic and even, under certain conditions, military initiatives if the objectives of arms control are to be achieved. 3- The current objectives of arms control processes are too narrow and fail to address new challenges and problems that represent the primary threat under the new international conditions. For this group, the arms control agenda should be expanded to include more types of weapons (small arms and light weapons), more types of equipment (non-lethal high technology), more issues (humanitarian issues, economic issues and governance issues) and more actors (international organizations and non-governmental actors). In their view, this widening of the arms control agenda is a paramount task, even if the consequence is that existing processes are scaled back or discontinued to release resources for reallocation. Current problems and new challenges The different approaches to arms control described above are not commonly exclusive. The task of finding common ground among the groups supporting them will be facilitated if arms control can make progress in solving problems, demonstrate its relevance to the new security environment and adapt itself to new challenges.

The Civil Rights Movement and Dr. Martin Luther King Essay -- The Civi

The Civil Rights Movement and Dr. Martin Luther King The Civil Rights movement is still identified by people across the world with Dr Martin Luther King. His day of birth is remarked with a national holiday in the United States and there are many historic sites dedicated to MLK across the nation. His funeral in Atlanta on 9th April 1968 was attended by political leaders from around the world and later in 1977 King was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom which stated that MLK was â€Å"the conscience on his generation† who†¦Ã¢â‚¬ saw the power of love could bring down segregation†. It is clear that MLK had a huge impact on how the civil rights movement was to be perceived by all people in the years to follow. ‘Martin Luther’s Style of Leadership’ written by Peter J Ling for the BBC Website suggests that King is â€Å"†¦Vividly remembered†¦thanks to the miracle of Television†. It is apparent that the boom of household televisions and the rising involvement of media and news coverage helped king to demonstrate his communicational skills through his speeches which were broadcasted across the nation. However many people argue that the media played a huge part in his prominence and focused on his achievements and successes rather than his faults. MLK’s approach to achieving racial equality is admired by many. His non-violent peaceful protests gained more support from African Americans, who realised that this was the only realistic approach for them to achieve civil rights. They had seen various other leaders attempt violent direct action which resulted in even more turmoil for the blacks. This non-violent strategy gave the whole movement a s... ...n†, which made it difficult for her to conform to male-dominated hierarchies. . She quit the NAACP when she could no longer abide Walter White and left SCLC after becoming disenchanted with King. It could be said Baker had a personal vendetta against MLK, who was constantly receiving recognition for the hard work that many unsung civil rights heroes like Baker were putting in. The Freedom Rides of 1961 were credited as being the work of King and his Southern Christian Leadership Conference organisation. However it was the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) who were behind the rides. When MLK was asked to join the freedom riders into Mississippi he declined their invitation, thus resulting in the organisation to publicly show their mistrust in a leader who, As Ling puts it, â€Å"preferred to cheer from the sidelines.†

Essay --

CHAPTER NO 5 Adjustments & maintenance 5.1 Capillary Tube 5.2 Priming 5.3 Pressure Gauge Fitting 5.4 Relief Valve 5.5 Pressure Adjustment 5.6 PD Pump System Flow Diagram 5.7 External Relief Valve Adjustment 5.8 Internal Relief Valve Adjustment 5.9 Motor Lubrication 5.1 Capillary Tube:- A capillary tube is a narrow, long tube of constant diameter. In refrigeration application of capillary tube, the surface tension is not important. Tube length limit from 1.0 m to 6 m and the diameters of refrigerant capillary tubes limit from 0.5 mm to 3 mm. Due to the following two factors the pressure reduction in a capillary tube occurs: The frictional resistance offered by tube walls refrigerant has to overcome. Than that of the liquid the density of vapor is less. As it flows in the tube the average density of refrigerant decreases. The increase in acceleration or velocity of the refrigerant requires pressure drop. 5.2 Priming:- Liquid pumps can lose prime and to get the pump started this will require the pump to be primed by adding liquid to the pump and inlet pipes. Loss of "prime" ...

Reading response on Communication Essay

For any effective communication, there must be understanding between the parties involved. This will therefore depend on the medium used and consideration of the barriers to effective communication. Students depend on communication to learn and when it is effective and inclusive, they get opportunities to grow and learn. In education, parents who are magnetic involve themselves in finding opportunities for their children. This is by involving the community at large and the administration to get opportunities for their children(Henderson, 297). Other parents are not concerned, which leads to inequality between the different children. Other families plan a teacher visit to the family, which increases unity and communication. When a teacher, parent and a student have a close relationship, they facilitate ample communication that leads to growth and opportunities. Accordind to (Mediratta, 32), for one to create opportunities that leads to growth among children, there should be a link between the outside of the school and the culture in the school. This is because the teachers do not understand the base the children are coming from especially in boarding schools. The power issue of the teachers goes down when the parents and their children mingles freely with the children which increases communication avenues. Poor families lack even the basic needs which make their students lack concentration due to the stress of their homes. This leads to inequality in the opportunities to children from richer families. Creating a link between the families and the general community leads to expansion of the communication network which leads to opportunities and growth. This addresses structural inequality and enables student from poor families learn and have good health. According to WARREN, (15), translation of important information to languages that learners understands leads to effective communication. Those who understands the foreign language have added advantage to those who can not. A barrier to translation is money to pay the translators and some parents lack the time to opportunity talk. In opportunity talks, the issue of freedom when talking is an issue due to distrust among members in the society(Zehr, 8). Relationships that can be trusted spread opportunities and this is true with parents who create friendship with their children’s teachers as they create trust between them. This is different from the parents who can not create this relationshipthat lead to disadvantage on their students’ opportunities. Organizing and planning for events for the school with older people with children improves their skills and confidence. This boosts their opportunities and improves their communication prowess unlike those who do not involve themselves in such programs. References Henderson, T Anne, Johnson Vivian, Mapp Karen, and Davies Don. Selection from Beyond the Bake Sale: The Essential Guide to Family/School Partnerships. New York: The New Press, (2007): 296-301 Mediratta, Kavitha, Shah Seema, and McAlister Sara.Building Partnerships to Reinvent School Culture: Austin Interfaith. Providence, RI: Annenberg Institute for School Reform. Mark Warren, â€Å"Communities and Schools.†(2009):1-49. Print. WARREN, MARK. ‘Communities And Schools: A New View Of Urban Education Reform’. Harvard Educational Review 2.75 (2005): 1-40. Print. Zehr, M. A. Civil Rights Deal Signals Federal Push for Translation Services. Education Week, (2011): 30(3), 8-9. Source document

Benito Mussolini

Benito Mussolini is well-kn proclaim Italian dictator. From 1992 to 1943, he g all overn oer Italy as the damage loss loss attraction of the Italian government. His administration adhitherd to fascism, which was causeed by Mussolini himself. On the 28th of April 1945, due to rising and his governmental defeat, he was captured and executed by a firing squad. Benito Mussolini was innate(p) on the 29th of July 1883 in Dovia de Predappio in Italy. His family was non granted with a prosperous liveness as his father worked as a blacksmith and his m other worked as a grudge school instructor.The sinister placement of Mussolini materialized pull down during his younger years. In addition to his softness to perform well academic exclusivelyy, he as well as commit baseless acts against his peers. Mussolini was cap suit adequate to(p) of perpetrating menacing and treacherous acts, as he was fitting-bodied to stab one of his schoolmates in his attending at a boarding school . When he grew up, he was able to get a dividing line as a teacher at a instantary school, aft(prenominal) contendd contendd acquiring his college diploma. In 1904, Mussolini nubed be array services and pursued a go in politics from thusly on.He con centerd with the collectivized semi semi governmental company. Socialism is a political belief or rationale that adheres to equal distri moreoverion of property and income amongst the members of the social system. However, in the advent of humanity contend I, he opposed the Socialist Party and joined the rival jingoistic ag theme. Shortly after struggled his crossover, he was able to establish a paper, which he c anyed Popolo dItalia. His political beliefs and i potfuls serve welld as the backbone of the Popolo dItalia. His then(prenominal)ce changed ideologies and principles were learning to struggled Fascism.Fascism was an established political doctrine where the authority is embodied by a dictator who promoted the primary occupy of the nation and enforces tyranny to achieve an end. Mussolini detested communism and collectivism. To show op opinion for these twain start outies, he organized a group who promoted the intellections of patriotism. In 1921, the result of the elections put him in Parliament where the discipline fascistic Party was to a fault organized. Mussolini was the loss leader of this company who has gained over a thousand followers.He ab employ his position to stay in berth and alter the political system into a tyranny style of government. Several members of the opposition partitioningy were assassinated and mass media was influenced into broadcasting propaganda in favor of the National fascist Party. During his days as leaders of the Italian government, he employed the use of actor and nonhing to force people into doing what was favorable to him. However, during the 1930s, Italy suffered a ample blow in its economy.Because of this, Mussolini aimed to establish and develop the Italian Empire. Mussolini believed that in raise to improve the economic status of Italy, he should be able to subdue other countries, especially countries in exponent, in run to capture dominance over the Mediterranean. To go on his accomplishment, he backed the Nazi fascist government of Adolf Hitler, and engaged in oppressing the Jews. Because of his stern think abouts of ruling the government, Italy was non able to bear his rule and discontinued their support for Mussolini.During the World contend II, Mussolini submerged Italy into struggle despite the opposition of the people. It was fear that horde Mussolini into joining the World contend II. In this period of chaos and hostilities, Mussolini was able to conquer the European Sea and African Mediterranean Sea, including France, Greece, and Egypt. In the 1940s, Mussolini suffered a great loss as he lost his operate on over the Mediterranean Sea. After this political failure, Mussolini wa s capture and dubbed as the pawn of Hitler.He was digging in Como province leading him to his grave. References About. Com. (2007). The capital of South Carolina cyclopedia Mussolini, Benito. Retrieved declination 7, 2007, from About. Com. Website http//history1900s. about. com/gi/ alive(p)/offsite. htm? site=http%3A%2F%2Fwww. bartleby. com%2F65%2Fmu%2FMussolin. html Notable Biographies. (2007). Benito Mussolini Biography. Retrieved December 7, 2007, from Advameg, Inc. Website http//www. nonablebiographies. com/Mo-Ni/Mussolini-Benito. htmlBenito MussoliniA fascist leader of Italy form 1922 to 1943, BENITO MUSSOLINI, centralized all of his power as the leader of the powerful fascist party and tried to fructify an Italian empire in coalition with the German dictator Adolph Hitler. The conquering of the Italian multitude in WW2 led to the end of his ideal aspiration and the downfall of his empire. He was born in the town of Predappio close to Forli in Romagna in July 29 1883 to a unforgiving smith name Alessandro and a nurture teacher Rosa. Just homeardized his father, Mussolini became a keen socialist.In 1901 he do as an elementary schoolmaster. The next year he migrated to Switzerland. There he was having difficulty in finding a stable job and was afterward arrested because of vagrancy, he was barred from Switzerland and was re windinged to his immanent land of Italy to serve in the Military. payable to just about to a greater extent trouble with the law of nature, he started wor reliabley in a reinvigoratedsprint in the town of Trento in Austria where he wrote a novel The Cardinals Mistress which was subsequent(prenominal) translated into English. Socialist AssociationsHe was later on on barred by the Austrians too. He later became an editor program of a socialist composition La Lotta di Classe (The Class struggle) in Forli. His primordial passion for Karl Marx was enhanced by a combination of ideas from the innovative policy of Augus te Blanqui, syndicalism of Georges Sorel and the thinking of Friedrich Nietzche. Benito later became a secretary of a local Socialist party in Forli in the year 1910. At this repoint of life, he had a political compute exactly opposite to what was to come later. He was antipatriotic.In 1911 when Turkey was to be attacked by Italy, he was jailed for his propaganda of peace keeping. He was later editor of an official Socialist newspaper by the name of Avanti in Milan where he recognized himself as one of the close to powerful labor leaders in the Italian communism. He had a standpoint that the working class should unite into a formidable unit prepared to restrain power at any metre. From here on than the fascist accomplishment started. When the WW1 started in 1914, Benito along with other communists agreed that Italy should not be a part of it.The provided war acceptable to him was the Class war, and he threatened the government that he leave alone lead a When World war I broke out in 1914 Mussolini agreed with the other Socialists that Italy should not join it. Only a class war was acceptable to him, and he threatened to be the leader of a wads revolt against the government if Italy was a part of the WW1. After several months he all at once changed his findpoint on the war and distinguishable to leave the editorial ch communicate along with the socialist party. Birth of FascismHe established a new paper in November of 1914 by the name of Popolo D Italia and prewar group Fascia d Azione Rivoluzionaria. He clear hoped that the WW1 would result in the topple of the Italian government which would gain him power. He was to serve in the armament later where he was injured in a grenade radiation diagram and because of that he returned to his newspaper editing. In borderland 1919 Fascism developed into a planned political movement when Mussolini established the Fasci de Combattimento. He failed in the 1919 elections but later in 1921 he entered i nto the Parliament as a redress wing member.Armed squads were established by the fascistic to terrify Benitos former communist co workers. The government rarely hampered the movement. He got support from the industrialists and in return he gave his support to strike breaking and later he deserted radical demonstrations. The hold up governments of Giovanni Giolitti, Luigi Facta and Ivanoe Bonomi failed to pr howevert the increase of chaos, Benito was asked by king in October of 1922 to establish a government. Fascist Dictatorship He was supported by the Liberals in the parliament.With their support he initiated pie-eyed censorship and changed the way elections were held in 1925-26 so that he had absolute power and could allow all other political parties to work. As he had control over the press, he lento made a fable of Duce, a human organism competent of making e very function right and had the ability to elaborate all the problems whether they are political or economic. Soo n Italy became a police read. Whoever resisted him the likes of Giacomo Matteotti did of the Socialist party he was very much wild to them. He had a great skill in propaganda that he had very little opposition.After 1922, numerous another(prenominal) an(prenominal) time he personally took over sevener departments at the same time like foreign affairs, ministry of the corporations, Army and other fortify service, public kit and boodle, interior ministry along with the premiership. He was the leader of the causationful Fascist party which was established in the 1921 and also was the leader of the Fascist armed reserves. This made him to be prospering in keeping power in his own hands and preclude the surfacing of any competitor. This all came at a price of making a government which was corrupt, over centralized and totally inefficient.He spend most of his time on propaganda whether he was in Italy or any(prenominal) where else, here his training as a journalist was preciou s. Each and all sensory system of information was carefully monitored to create a fantasy that fascism was the main principle of the twentieth century and was take the place of par and freethinking. He wrote an article in which he laid down the principles of this policy which appeared in Encyclopedia Italiana in 1932. An agreement was sign-language(a) in 1929 with the Vatican, which in conclusion recognized the Italian State. His leadership finished the parliamentary system.He rewrote the natural law codes. The teacher teaching in universities or schools were swearing on an oath to set the regime of Fascist. Mussolini himself started choosing editors of the newspapers and no other editor could establish a newspaper without the consent of the Fascist party. Trade unions were not assumption total independence were included in what was called the corporative system. The main aim was to place all the Italian public in unalike organization and corporations which were profession al but all infra the rule of the government.Mussolini had the idea of geological fault the industries from public to private owners with the help of his monetary backers. But later in 1930 he started moving back to the conflicting fervor of inflexible governmental control of industry. A huge sum of bullion was spent on unalike public works due to which the Italian economy suffered a great deal as he had placed so much money on the heavy industry to take Italy self sufficient but this was not possible as Italy was lacking many resources. Military AggressionIn his foreign policy Mussolini started modify from a peace loving anti imperialism to a tremendous outline of violent self rule. In 1923 the bombing of Corfu is an fashion model of his self rule. After setting up a dummy government in Albania and re capturing Libya, he had a dream of making the Mediterranean Sea Italian Sea. after in 1935 he along with others established an anti Hitler policy at the Stresa Conference to protect the freedom of Austria. His successful battle against Ethiopia (than Abyssinia) was opposed by the alignment of Nations.Because of this he made a deal with the Nazi Germany, which before had been introverted from the league. some(prenominal) prospect of a settlement in the midst of Britain and France ended when took an active part in the 1936-1939 Spanish Civil warfare and took the side of General Francisco Franco. After having to list a deal with the Germans, he had to accept the German capturing of Austria and Czechoslovakias dismemberment. In 1938 at the Munich Conference, he portrayed himself as a fair person functioning for peace in Europe.His allegiance with Germany was later confirmed when in 1939 he made a conformity of Steel with Adolph Hitler. Being an inferior checkmate to the Germans, Benito followed the same racial policy as did the Germans did against the Jews. When World War 2 was coming nearer, Mussolini made his inclination clear to conquer Tunisia, M alta and Corsica. He conquered Albania after a short war in 1939. He didnt realize that by gaining more power he would chip in a power balance in Europe, instead he favored a policy pretending and threaten to hold the Western powers to make way for his ripening territorial demands.He lectured for 15 years regarding the merits of war and the military keenness of Italy to battle, but his legions was totally unprepared when the attack on Poland by Hitler led to the World War 2. He remained quite for a art object until n unless he was sure who leave win. He declared war in1940 after the collapse of France, thinking that the war give only last for a a couple of(prenominal) weeks. He later attacked Greece which showed everyone that he was not prepared for a successful military machine. He had no alternative leftfield but to pursue Hitler in announcing war on Russia and United States both(prenominal) in 1941.After Italy was defeated all ends, and the landing of Anglo American in Sicily in 1943 led to many of Benitos co workers to turn against him at a conference in Fascist Grand hall on July 25, 1943. This also led to the king dismissing him and ordered for his arrest. The Germans pull with him after a couple of months, after being rescued he set up a Republican Fascist state in north of Italy. under the Germans he was not more than a dummy. Benito later returned to his ideas of collectivization and communism. He executed the Fascist leader who turned against him including his own son in law.He blamed the Italian public for this although they had been supporting(a) all along his colonial dream. When the consort Armies reached Milan on April 27 in 1945, Benito along with his woman of the street Clara Petacci were captured by the Italian enthusiasts, when he was trying to flee into Switzerland. Assassination A day later, Benito and his mistress were both digging dead near a crossroads of Dongo, along with his 15 colleagues, comprising of ministers an d officials. The killings were conducted by Colonel Walter Audisio he was given the order to kill Benito by the National Liberation Committee. ulterior a visualise by the name of Bruno Giovanni confessed that he had killed Benito and his mistress but these reports were never confirmed. After the killings, both the bodies were hanging upside down on meat hooks in Milan along with the fifteen colleagues killed, to confirm that the once in good order leader has been killed. This was to discourage the fighting by the fascists. The body was to fabricate a thing of mockery and mistreatment by those who felt he was a cruel ruler. His body was later interpreted down and bury in an unmarked grave in Milan. Later his body was stolen but retrieved and brought to Predappio.Here he was buried in his family vault. A large stain of himself sits on top of the tomb. He was survived by his wife, Rachel, two sons Romano and Vittorio and his daughter Edda, whose husband was killed by Benito. His t hird son was killed in an air incident. Bibliography Benito Mussolini from Answers. com. Retrieved bump into 27, 2007. From http//www. answers. com/topic/benito-mussolini Benito Mussolini from Wikipedia (2007). Retrieved on touch 28, 2007. From http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Benito_Mussolini Benito Mussolini Background. Retrieved on March 28, 2007.From http//library. thinkquest. org/17120/data/bios/mussolini/ orbit/backg1. html Mussolini, Benito from BartleBy (2005). Retrieved on March 28, 2007. From http//www. bartleby. com/65/mu/Mussolin. html Benito Mussolini. Retrieved on March 28, 2007. From http//www. info. tampere. fi/a/amuri/tyot/ilduce3. htm Benito Mussolini from Spartacus Educational. Retrieved on March 28, 2007. From http//www. spartacus. schoolnet. co. uk/2WWmussolini. htm Benito Mussolini. Retrieved on March 28, 2007. From http//www. moreorless. au. com/killers/mussolini. htmlBenito MussoliniMussolini is considered to be the founding fuss of Fascism, seizing po wer by a combination of terror and persuasion. He held Italy unwaveringly in his grasp by suppression his enemies epoch equable promising glory. Mussolini was able to successfully turn Italy into a com/world-history-unit-3/ totalitarianism under a fascist regime because of the commonwealths internally divided war-torn indian lodge as well as the weak state of Italys minority governments which could not unite to oppose fascism and finally because of his ability to stir to this ground through a turned sense of surety and nationalism. Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini was born in Predappio on July 29, 1883.Son of a socialist blacksmith, he grew up to be a self-proclaimed anti-patriot like his father (The capital of South Carolina Encyclopedia 33087). He hadnt taken to school and rebelled against most things. He had gotten expelled from his frontmost school, which was a catholic school ran my monks, though he did better in his second. He went on to become a qualified school te acher, even though he wasnt interested in teaching. Benito Mussolini had a passion for politics. In June 1902, Mussolini went to Switzerland and got involved with some Italian socialists and got a job as a brick layer and joined the hand union.When he had suggested the very revolutionary idea for a general strike, he got expelled from Switzerland in 1903. He then went to an area called Trentino, which was ruled by the Austrians. The authorities shortly denominate him as a trouble-maker he back up the trade unions and attacked the Catholic Church. He was then expelled from Trentino in 1909 (Hibbert 4-10). Throughout Mussolinis life, he had made his rise to power, many accomplishments, and in the end he had made a huge launch on his country.After being wounded in the trenches during World War I, he was sent home because of an trauma only to become editor of his own newspaper. It was called Il Popolo dItalia or The People of Italy. This represented his changing of his pacifist vi ews, he used his paper to spread his new ideas and gain support. Mussolini also organized a pro-war group called Fasci dAzione Rivoluzionaria. After the war he joined a different group called the Arditi Association, which was a military gather composed of WWI veterans. Both of the associations contributed to the beginning of fascism.In 1919, Mussolini founded the Fasci de Combattimento, which was the haggard structure for what was to become the political movement of Fascism. This attracted the attention of the lower-middle class with its nationalic, anti-liberal ideas (The Columbia Encyclopedia 33087). During the 1920s the Black Shirt Militia was formed by Mussolini due to his beat back with the corruption of the liberal and later socialist Italian government. Originally, they were reformers but then their method actings became harsher and they used hysteria, intimidation, and murder.One of their typical techniques was to force-feed theyre opponents castor oil, which was often laced with petrol. Another method was to force them to swallow live frogs Mussolini slowly began to back away from the Arditi Association as his Fascist movement became more powerful. In 1921 he was elected to parliament and the National Fascist party was organized. When his Fascists were sent to routine on Rome they were permitted to enter the urban center and power Victor Emmanuel III called on him to form a cabinet (Lewis 16). This helped him step by step transform the government into a dictatorship.He soon got the official title of head of the government. His pipe dream to restore greatness found formula in pretentious slogans and speeches in the induction of monumental buildings which helped his encouragement of extreme nationalist groups. The fascist regime turned society into individuals who would just obey and distrust source as well as experience violence as an essential ray to order. Ideally the country would transform into a totalitarian state where the governm ent would control total control over the lives of individuals and this would mean that anything is justified if it serves the states ands.Fascism emphasized victory, glorified war, is cruel to the weak, and is irrational and intolerant. Mussolini used the condition of the country to his advantage in his journey to congruous the dictator of Italy. Mussolini actually began his political career as a socialist and then became attracted to fasces, the ancient Roman symbol of the important power of the state, bundles of the lictors rods of chastisement which, when destined together, were stronger then when they were apart reflecting the intellectual debt that fascism owed to socialism and presaging the symbolism of the renewed Roman imperium Mussolini promised to exploit about.Mussolini claimed that it would help strengthen a relatively new nation (which had been united only in the 1860s in the Risorgimento), although some would ordain that, like Lenin, he wished for a collapse of society that would bring him to power. Evidently, Mussolini accomplished many things during WW II on the Axis side. He started taking over Italy when he was dubbed Dictator. This was when he first was addressed as Il Duce, which means the leader. Since he had all the power of Italy, he began to take over and make all of the decisions.Mussolini started building roads, kept rivers from over-flowing, change magnitude over production and ran the trains on time. He also extended his control over other countries. He invaded Ethiopia in 1935 and took over Albania in 1939. Not only was Benito Mussolini the leader of Italy, he was also the youngest dictator of Italy. Mussolinis main fictional character during WW II was being the leader of Italy. As earlier stated, he had tried taking over Ethiopia and seized Albania. Later on, the axis powers took over countries such as Austria, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, France, Poland, Romania, and many more.Mussolini soon became known as Hitlers right hand man, and this helped him become very popular. Through his accomplishments, he pushed Hitler to make his own Fascist party. They became known as the Nazis. The axis power created a Rome-Berlin bail bond of totalitarianism. As the axis power had every say in what people did, German, Italy, and japan felt as though they could do anything. Mussolini had been a huge part with the axis powers during WW II (Lewis 15- 16). Once the Allies had booked the southern part of Italy in 1943, the King had ordered Mussolini to be arrested in order to sign the peace agreement.He had then been jailed and then liberated by the Germans, Mussolini lived in northern Italy until his capture by the Italian Monarchy. He was then executed by the monarchy on April 28, 1945 along with his mistress, Claretta Petacci, by military forces of the Italian Resistance. The next day, their corpses and those of Mussolinis henchmen were hanged in the Piazzale Loreto, Milan, for public view (Antliff 1). Antagonism s between political parties had given rise to a courteous war that continued for about three more years. Italians then decided, in 1946, to voting to dissolve the Monarchy.Then in 1948, the first political elections were held. Mussolinis dictatorship will endlessly be remembered for bringing on many Mafia and Mani Pulite scandals and for political disillusion among Italian youth which escalated into such terrorist acts as Brigate Rosse and the Moro Affair. The Brigate Rosse was a Marxist-Leninist terrorist organization that arose out of a student protest movement in the late 1960s. They had wanted to separate Italy from NATO and promoted violence in the service of class warfare and revolution. The original group concentrated on assassination and kidnapping of Italian governance and private-sector targets.They holdnt conducted an act since 1988, and have been largely inactive since the Italian and France police arrested many of the groups members. In 1978, the BR had kidnapped Aldo Moro who was the Italian president-to-be. This became known as the Moro Affair. The 50 year period that Mussolini ran as dictator is now labeled as the First Republic which renewed Italian confidence in the democratic process (Lewis 17). The recent appearance of skinhead guards of honour at Mussolinis tomb had provoked a controversy about how Italians should view their fascist period.Unlike Germany, Italy has never faced up to its type in WW II, preferring to see itself in the role of victim. The national narrative omits the first part of the war, in which Italians fought along side the Germans, and committed crimes in Albania, Greece, and Yugoslavia. Today, a resurgent nationalism has continued to gloss over the more shameful parts of Italian history, while at the same time allowing fascist apologists to exalt Italys most disreputable 20th leader (Antliff 1). As the great dictator of Italy Benito Mussolini had rose to power by forcing his way to the top.He didnt let anything stand in his way, even if it meant scamming. He achieved whatever he felt needed to happen, which finally, complete Italys history. All in all, Italy contradictory the rest of Europe was greatly touch on by the first World War and the state that the country was left in made it vulnerable to the extremist view of Mussolini and was easily transformed into a dictatorship and lead into a fateful alliance with Germany. Mussolini and his fascist ideals were able to overthrow Italy and turn it into a dictatorship and lead it into the second World War behind Hitlers Germany.Mussolini was able to successfully turn Italy into a dictatorship under a fascist regime because of the countrys internally divided war-torn society as well as the weak state of Italys minority governments which could not unite to oppose fascism and finally because of his ability to appeal to this country through a false sense of security and nationalism. In my opinion, Mussolini vie a negative role in the course of history. He led the Italians into the chip World War and so happened to join the wrong side. Subsequently, the country suffered lasting physical, political, and cultural damage.Their government remains constantly in turmoil. His methods and tactics fostered the rise of the Mafia in Italy. The Mafia and related activities gave the Italians an unfavorable supranational reputation with crime and trust even today. He fostered distrust of the government by the Italian people, which in itself was not bad, but his chosen methods of accomplishing objectives were proven to be ineffective. His leadership led to the eventual dissolution of the Italian Monarchy, which could have helped stabilize the country had it remained entire much like Britains and Swedens.His effect on Italy, in many ways, is still being felt today. Works Cited Antliff, Mark. Fascism, modernness and Modernity. The Art Bulletin, Vol. 84, 2002. Falasca-Zamponi, Simonetta. Fascist Spectacle The Aesthetics of Power in Mus solinis Italy. Berkeley U of California P, 1997. Fermi, Laura. Mussolini. University of boodle Press, 1966 Hibbert, Christopher. Il Duce The Life of Benito Mussolini. Little, Brown, 1962. Lewis, Paul H. Latin Fascist Elites The Mussolini, Franco, and Salazar Regimes. Praeger, 2002. Mussolini, Benito. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2004.

A Case Study on: Toyota Revs Up U.S. Sales Essay

Since 1903, Chevrolet or crossbreeding has been the best-selling automobile brand in the United States until 2002. Between deuce competitors, Ford is the first position in the merchandiseplace that year Toyota motor corporation of Japan change cars nearest to the two competitors and Toyota will pass Ford in the in truth near next as because for the in cardinalsity take aim of its long- terminal planning, modest goal and Toyota real Strategy that modest growth in Japan, europium and North America that was biggest opportunities in Southeast Asia besides unfortunately economics take aim of Southeast Asia has slowed.The Japanese commercialise is becoming more than competitive for Toyota and the star sign is losing sales to Honda & Nissan. For rec all overing this situation, Toyotas manger show to exploit opportunity fully and Toyota sales more vehicles in the states than in Japan. Than the slopped uses corporate level dodging to focus on U. S grocery store this syste m leads the secure into top place in the America commercialize. WE Must Americanize. Fujio Cho Toyota Motor Corporation Q. 1. count the threats and opportunities that Toyota is facing in its environment. Then list the military strength and weakness of Toyota?See more Satirical elements in the adventure of Huckleberry Finn essay respond Basis on the Toyotas argumentation environment, Toyota facing some several(prenominal) threats and opportunities. These are point out in the below Threats 1. The economies level of Southeast Asian countries has slowed. 2. The Japanese market is getting more competitive for Toyota. 3. Toyota is losing sales to Honda and Nissan. 4. ab initio Ford and Chevrolet has been best-selling car brand in the U. S market. Opportunities 1. Exploiting of Toyotas intend in the U. S. market 2. Approaching to local managers in order to Americanize. 3. issue taxes and current risk are reduced by manufacturing 2/3 of the cars U.S. and keeping revenues and expen ses in U. S. dollars. 4. Utilizing American designers to compete efficaciously in the U. S. market Strengths 1. The effectiveness of Toyotas in long-term planning. 2. Toyota has innovative current product development. 3. The American competitors have been slow to act to Toyotas threat. 4. As a troupe, Toyota is beginning to settle better long-term goals. 5. Toyota has accomplished ambitious goals. 6. Toyota do not like new direction and take that the firm stick Toyota Way Weaknesses 1. Initially, Toyota had a very conservative approach to goals. 2.Failure to recognize market opportunity to develop a full-size lam truck. 3. Slowing economies level in Southeast Asian countries.. 4. Traditionalists inside Toyota do not like where the company is headed and want to stick to old ways. 5. Lack of intellect of American preferences at the highest levels of the company. Q. 2. Consider Toyotas U. S auto business. What business level strategy is the firm use? What factors did you rely o n in stretchability your decision? Answer Toyotas CEO go through that they must Americanize for this purpose the firm is apply more American designers for care to be sell in the U.S market. This allows the firm to complete effectively with U. S auto market and to stay in touch with demands of American consumers. To achieve U. S market, the firm is using Geographical corporate level strategy. I relied on in reaching my decision, several distinct factors. These are given below 1. Toyotas business environment 2. Intend to exploit opportunity of Toyotas manager 3. Toyotas corporate level strategy Q. 3. In your opinion, is Toyotas corporate level strategy (to focus on the U. S Market) likely to be effective over the next ten days? Why or why not?Answer yes, I think Toyotas corporate level strategy is definitely to be effective over the next ten years as because it is a company which is known for the effectiveness of its long term planning. Its corporate level strategy gets tremendou s achievement in U. S Market. They are using American designers which will help to compete in the future due to get knowledge of updated consumer demand. It also using overall cost leadership strategy in American market. By considering the above case I think Toyotas corporate level strategy would be effective over the next ten years.